![]() The clock is still ticking, and that information is still affecting sensory receptors of the auditory system. Upon first entering the room, you can hear the ticking of the clock as you begin to engage in conversation with classmates or listen to your professor greet the class, you are no longer aware of the ticking. Imagine entering a classroom with an old analog clock. ![]() In fact, we often don’t perceive stimuli that remain relatively constant over prolonged periods of time, which is known as sensory adaptation. For example, upon walking into a kitchen and smelling the scent of baking cinnamon rolls, the sensation is the scent receptors detecting the odor of cinnamon, but the perception may be “Mmm, this smells like the bread Grandma used to bake when the family gathered for holidays.” Although our perceptions are built from sensations, not all sensations result in perception. The above demonstration illustrates how our experiences can influence the way our brain processes sensory information.Īnother way to distinguish between perception and sensation is that sensation is a physical process, whereas perception is psychological. In other words, your past experience has changed the way you perceive the writing in the triangle! A beginning reader-one who is using a bottom-up approach by carefully attending to each piece-would be less likely to make this error. Our brain knows this and doesn’t expect there to be a second one, so we have a tendency to skip right over it. Having a second “the” doesn’t make sense. Read the following quote pictured in Figure 8.1.1 out loud: Figure 8.1.1 An example of stimuli processing.ĭid you notice anything odd while you were reading the text in the triangle? Did you notice the second “the”? If not, it’s likely because you were reading this from a top-down approach. One way to illustrate these two concepts is with our ability to read. On the other hand, how we interpret those sensations is influenced by our available knowledge, our experiences, and our thoughts. As you continue walking you hear people talking and the crackling and smell of burning wood becomes stronger, at some point you may realize you are entering campgrounds, you can't see the campgrounds but bottom-up processing with the help of your other senses tells you what is going on. As you continue to walk you hear crackling noises and you begin to smell burning wood. Imagine you are in the forest walking and you are admiring the trees and nature around. Bottom-up processing refers to the fact that perceptions are built from sensory input, your eyes are not the only way to use bottom-up processing. Perception involves both bottom-up and top-down processing. While our sensory receptors are constantly collecting information from the environment, it is ultimately how we interpret that information that affects how we interact with the world. It is during this process that you are able to identify a gas leak in your home or a song that reminds you of a specific afternoon spent with friends. This psychological process-making sense of the stimuli-is called perception. After our brain receives the electrical signals, we make sense of all this stimulation and begin to appreciate the complex world around us. ![]() Physical energy such as light or sound is converted into a form of energy the brain can understand: electrical stimulation (i.e. During sensation, our sense organs are engaging in transduction, the conversion of one form of energy into another. Sensation happens when you taste noodles or feel the wind on your face or hear a car horn honking in the distance. The physical process during which our sensory organs-those involved with vision and hearing, for example-respond to external stimuli is called sensation. Sensation and perception are often intertwined, however, there are important distinctions between the two. In this module, you will learn about the biological processes of sensation and perceptions as well as key differences between these two processes. The way we interpret this information- our perceptions- is what leads to our experiences of the world. Amazingly, our senses have the ability to convert real-world information into electrical information that can be processed by the brain. People are equipped with senses such as sight, hearing and taste that help us to take in the world around us. ![]() The topics of sensation and perception are among the oldest and most important in all of psychology.
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